Vous souhaitez incorporer une entreprise au Québec et transformer votre projet en une société par actions ? Ce guide explique comment incorporer une entreprise au niveau provincial ou fédéral, décrivant toutes les démarches pour établir votre entité juridique distincte.
Incorporating a business means creating a legal entity (a corporation) with its own rights and obligations. It becomes a separate legal entity distinct from its shareholders and directors.
The main advantage for shareholders is limited liability. Their responsibility is generally limited to the amount invested in the corporation, protecting personal assets. However, this protection is subject to certain exceptions provided by law (e.g., personal guarantees, fraud, or abuse of rights).
A corporation is a legal person that can own assets, enter into contracts, and be sued in its own name. It is therefore responsible for its debts through its own assets.
Corporate tax rates are generally lower than personal tax rates, thanks to the small business deduction (SBD), under certain conditions. This creates opportunities for tax planning (such as tax deferral) and fundraising. The corporation must file its own tax returns and meet its obligations with Revenu Québec.
The choice of jurisdiction impacts the legal framework of your future company.
Legal framework: Governed by the Quebec Enterprise Registrar and the Business Corporations Act (Quebec).
Speed and cost: Often faster and more cost-effective for businesses operating primarily in Quebec.
Regardless of your choice, compliance with applicable regulations is essential.
To incorporate a corporation in Quebec, follow the steps on how to incorporate your business:
The first step is selecting a business name. You may choose a custom name or a numbered company (e.g., 1234-5678 Québec Inc.).
These are the “birth certificate” of your company. They define:
Share structure (classes and rights)
Restrictions on share transfers
Consulting a business lawyer is highly recommended to ensure compliance with applicable laws.
You must provide the corporation’s registered office address and appoint the initial board of directors.
This is the final step in the registration process:
After incorporation, ongoing compliance is required to maintain your company’s legal status:
To obtain assistance and learn more about government fees for incorporating your business:
Phone: 514-447-5239
Address: 5255 Henri Bourassa Blvd W #425, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2M6, Canada
Sources :
Société par actions – Gouvernement du Québec (démarches, nom, constitution, NEQ)
https://www.quebec.ca/entreprises-et-travailleurs-autonomes/demarrer-entreprise/immatriculer-constituer-entreprise/immatriculer-constituer-entreprise-forme-juridique-societe-actions
Immatriculer ou constituer une entreprise selon la forme juridique
https://www.quebec.ca/entreprises-et-travailleurs-autonomes/demarrer-entreprise/immatriculer-constituer-entreprise
Faire une déclaration initiale d’une personne morale
https://www.quebec.ca/entreprises-et-travailleurs-autonomes/mettre-a-jour-informations/declaration-mise-a-jour/declaration-initiale-personne-morale
Faire une déclaration de mise à jour annuelle au registre des entreprises
https://www.quebec.ca/entreprises-et-travailleurs-autonomes/mettre-a-jour-informations/declaration-mise-a-jour/annuelle
How to Incorporate a Business – Corporations Canada
https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/corporations-canada/fr/societes-actions/comment-incorporer-entreprise
Sociétés par actions – Informations générales (LCSA)
https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/corporations-canada/fr/societes-actions
Naming a corporation – How to get a name (numéro, nom, NUANS intégré)
https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/corporations-canada/en/naming-corporation/naming-corporation-how-get-name
NUANS – Corporate name and trademark reports (outil officiel de recherche de noms)
https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/nuans-corporate-name-trademark-reports/en/nuansr-corporate-name-and-trademark-reports
Rapport annuel – Politique de dépôts annuels sous la LCSA
https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/corporations-canada/fr/societes-actions/politique-depots-annuels-loi-canadienne-societes-actions
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